TENSES

Present Tense

(Waktu Kebiasaan)

Definisi

Ø  Tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan kebiasaan / kegiatan sehari-hari,kenyataan yang ada di Dunia.

Pattern (Struktur Pola Kalimat)

Ø   Kalimat positif

~ S + V1 + s/es (untuk he,she,it) + O

Example :

 He reads a newspaper.

he/she/it	Is		He is clever
i	am	Adjective/adverb/noun	I am in the bank	Nominal sentence
They/we/you	are		We are students

he/she/it	Verb + s/es	She comes from italy
i	Verb 1	I come from Italy	Verbal  sentence
They/we/you		They come from Italy

Ø  Kalimat negatif

~ S + do/does + not + V1 + O

Example :

 He does not read a neswpaper.

he/she/it	Is	not	Adjective/adverb/noun	He is not clever
i	am			I am not in the bank	Nominal sentence
They/we/you	are			We are not students

he/she/it	does	not	Verb 1	He does not come from italy
i	do			I do not come from italy	verbal sentence
They/we/you				They do not come from italy

Ø  Kalimat Tanya (Interrogative)

~ do/does + S + V1 + O + ?

Example :

Does he read newspaper ?

is	He/she/it	noun	Is he clever?
am	i	adjective	Am i in the bank?	nominal sentence
are	They/you/we	adverb	Are we students?

does	He/she/it	Verb 1	Does she come from italy?
do	i		Do i come italy?	verbal sentence
	They/you/we		Do they come from italy?

Ø  Fungsi

1.      Untuk menyatakan kegiatan sehari-hari / kebiasaan sehari-hari.

Ex: Nurses look after patients in the hospital.

2.      Untuk menyatakan kebenaran secara umum, yang ada di dalam alam.

Ex: the earth goes round the sun.

3.      Untuk menyatakan kebiasaan sehari-hari.

Ex: Sinta studies every evening.

4.      Untuk menjelaskan suatu kegiatan yang dilakukan pada saat masa sekarang ( demonstrasi, komentar suatu pertandingan, babak-babak drama, dll.

Ex: At first, take a spoonful of sugar, put into a glass and then...

Ø  AdVerb

Usually (biasanya),Always (selalu),Seldom (jarang),

Everyday (setiap hari),Sometimes (kadand-kadang),

Twice a day ( dua kali sehari),Often (Sering),

Never (tidak pernah).

Example:

1.      She takes a bath twice a day.

           

2.      The sun rises in the east.

Present Continous Tense

Definisi

Ø  Tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung.

Pattern (Struktur pola kalimat)

Ø  Kalimat Positive  ( + )

~ S + is,am,are + V ing + O

Example :

She is studying english.

Ø  Kalimat Negative ( - )

~S + is,am,are  + not + V ing + O

Example:

She is not studying english.

Ø  Kalimat  Interrogative ( ? )

~Is,am,are  + S + V ing + O + ?

Example : Is she studying english?

Fungsi

Ø  Untuk menyatakan aktivitas atau kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung di masa sekarang.
Ex: Listen! Someone is knocking on the door.

Ø  Untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang dilakukan sekarang, tetapi kegiatan tersebut tidak benar-benar sedang dilakukan

Ex: Have you heard about Tom?. He is building a new hotel.

Ø  Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang dilakukan selama suatu periode waktu.

Ex: They are not doing any exercises this season.

Ø  Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang pasti akan dilakukan diwaktu yang akan datang (future).
ex: Are they living for Jakarta tomorrow?

AdVerb

Ø  Now

Ø  At this moment

Example :

I’m eating fried rice now

My mother is cooking rice at this moment

Past Tense

( Waktu Lampau )

Definisi

Ø  Tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan di masa lampau.

Pattern (struktur pola kalimat )

Ø  Nominal Sentence

Kalimat yang tidak mengandung kata kerja.

·      Kalimat Positive

He/she/it/i	was	Noun/adjective/adverb	He was a shopkeeper
We/you/they	were

·      Kalimat Negative

He/she/it/i	was	Not	Noun/adjective/adverb	He was a shopkeeper
We/you/they	were

·      Kalimat Interrogative

was	He/she/it/i	Noun/adjective/adverb	Were they in the living room?
were	We/you/they

Ø  Verbal Sentence

Kalimat yang mengandung kata kerja

·      Kalimat Positive

He/she/it/i/we/you/they

Verb 2

The girl looked for you

·      Kalimat Negative

He/she/it/i/we/you/they

Did

Not

Verb 1

The girl did not look for you

·      Kalimat Interrogative

Did

He/she/it/i/we/you/they

Verb 1

Did the girl look for you?

Fungsi

Ø  Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang dilakukan di masa lampau

Ex: Tom and Tim played tennis yesterday

AdVerb
yesterday kemarin,this morning tadi pagi,last night tadi malam,last week minggu lalu,2 days a go 2 hari yang lalu,this afternoon tadi sore

Example

I did my home work last night.

Present Future Tense

( Waktu yang Akan Datang )

Definisi

Tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi di masa yang akan datang

Present future tense dibagi menjadi 2 yaitu :

1)      Present Future Tense (to be going to)

2)      Present Future Tense (shall/will)

Pattern

1)      Present Future Tense (to be going to)

·      Kalimat Positive

He/she/it	is	Going to	Be+noun/adjective/adverb
i	am
We/you/they	are		Verb 1

·      Kalimat negatif

He/she/it	Is	Not	Going to	Be+noun+adjective/adverb
I	am
We/you/they	are			Verb 1

·      Kalimat Interrogative

Is	He/she/it	Going to	Be+noun/adjective/adverb
Am	I
Are	We/you/they		Verb 1

Fungsi

1.      Untuk merencanakan sesuatu yang akan dilakukan diwaktu yang akan datang

Ex: Tomorrow is my day off. I am goaing to visit my grand parents.

2.      Untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang pasti terjadi

Ex: He feels terrible. He is going to be sick

Pattern

2)      Present Future Tense (shall/will)

·      Kalimat Positive

I/we	shall	Be+noun/adjective/adverb
He/she/it/they/we/you	will	Verb 1

·      Kalimat Negative

I/we	Shall	Not	Be+noun/adjective/adverb
He/she/it	Will
They/we/you			Verb 1

·      Kalimat Interogative

Shall	I/we	Be+noun/adjective/adverb
will	He/she/it/you/we/they	Verb 1

Fungsi

Ø  Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang akan kita lakukan diwaktu yang akan datang secara spontan (tidak direncanakan sebelumnya)

Ex:

A: Did you phone ani?

B: oh.., I for got, i will do it now.

Ø  Untuk menyatakan pendapat atau praduga atau perkiraan atau ramalan dan janji

Ex: I think i shall get nine for my test

Present Perfect Tense

( Waktu yang Telah Berlangsung )

Defenisi

Ø  Tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang telah selesai dilaksanakan sekarang.

Pattern

1)      Nominal Sentense

·      Kalimat Positive

He/she/it	Has	been	Adjective/adverb/noun	He has been here
i/we/you/they	have			They have been here

·      Kalimat Negative

He/she/it	Has	Not	been	Adjective/adverb/noun	He has not been here
i/we/you/they	have				They have not been here

·      Kalimat Interrogative

Has	He/she/it	been	Adjective/adverb/noun	Has he been here?
have	i/we/you/they			Have They been here?

2)      Verbal Sentence

·      Kalimat Positive

He/she/it	Has	Verb 3	She has done her home work
i/we/you/they	have		We have done our home work

·      Kalimat Negative

He/she/it	Has	Not	Verb 3	She has not done her home work
i/we/you/they	have			We have not done our home work

·      Kalimat Interrogative

Has	He/she/it	Verb 3	Has she done her home work?
Have	i/we/you/they		Have we done our home work?

Fungsi

Ø  Untuk menyatakan bahwa kita telah atau sudah melakukan sesuatu

Ex: I have lost my key

Ø  Untuk memberikan informasi atau mengumumkan sesuatu yang baru saja terjadi, biasanya ditandai dengan kata just/already.

Ex: Have you just arrived?

Ø  Untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang masih terjadi hingga sekarang

Ex: Jane has been ill for a week.

Ø  Sering digunakan dalam korespondensi, surat kabar atau siaran.

Ex: I haven’t recived your latter.